416 stainless steel round bar
416 stainless steel
416 features and applications:
416 is martensitic stainless steel, the domestic grade is Y1Cr13, which is the best steel grade in stainless steel. 416 is used in automatic lathes, etc. Free-cutting stainless steel is mainly used in the production of electromagnetic, micro-motors and electrical components.
416 chemical composition:
Carbon C: ≤ 0.15
Manganese Mn: ≤1.25
Silicon Si: ≤1.00
Chromium Cr: 12.0~14.0
Nickel Ni2:-
Phosphorus P: ≤0.06
Sulfur S: ≤ 0.15
Note: 1 The single value is the highest value unless otherwise stated; 2 For some pipe making processes, the nickel content of some models of austenitic stainless steel must be slightly higher than the values shown in the table; Random; 4 the highest Ta content is 0.10%; 5 the highest content is 0.75%; 6 the highest content is 0.70%
Free-cutting steel refers to an alloy steel in which a certain amount of one or more kinds of free-cutting elements such as sulfur, phosphorus, lead, calcium, selenium and tellurium are added to the steel to improve the machinability. With the automation, high speed and precision of cutting, it is very important to require good machinability of steel. This kind of steel is mainly used for machining on automatic cutting machine tools, so it is also a special steel.
Composition characteristics
The elements added to the free-cutting steel are S, Pb, Ca, and P. Their main effects are as follows:
1, the role of sulfur
Sulfur forms MnS inclusions with Mn in steel, which can interrupt the continuity of the matrix, make the chips easy to brittle, and reduce the contact area between the chips and the cutter. Sulfur can also act as a friction reducer so that the chips do not stick to the cutting edge. However, the presence of sulfur causes the steel to be hot and brittle, so the sulfur content is generally limited to the range of w(s) = 0.10% to 0.30%, and the content of Mn should be appropriately increased.
2, the role of lead
The addition of Pb can improve the cutting performance of steel. Since Pb does not dissolve in ferrite in steel, it does not form a compound. It is in a free state and forms fine particles (2~3μm) evenly distributed in the matrix structure. When the heat generated during the cutting process reaches the melting point of the Pb particles, it is in a molten state, which becomes a "lubricant" between the tool and the chip and the machined surface of the tool, so that the friction factor is reduced, the tool temperature is lowered, and the wear is reduced. . The amount of Pb added is in the range of w(Pb) = 0.1% to 0.35%.
3, the role of calcium
Ca can form Ca and Al silicate inclusions in steel and adhere to the tool to form a film, which has a friction reducing effect and prevents tool wear. The amount of Ca added is generally w (Ca) = 0.001% to 0.005%.
4,The role of phosphorus
P is added to the sulfur-containing easily-cut steel to make it solid-dissolved in the ferrite, causing strengthening and embrittlement to improve its cutting performance. In order to prevent "cold brittleness", w(P) ≤ 0.15% is specified.
The addition of these elements also enhances the surface quality of the workpiece and extends the life of the tool.
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